CWE-940

The setGlobalContext method in org/apache/naming/factory/ResourceLinkFactory.java in Apache Tomcat 7.x before 7.0.68, 8.x before 8.0.31, and 9.x before 9.0.0.M3 does not consider whether ResourceLinkFactory.setGlobalContext callers are authorized, which allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended SecurityManager restrictions and read or write to arbitrary application data, or cause a denial of service (application disruption), via a web application that sets a crafted global context.

Lanscope Endpoint Manager (On-Premises) (Client program (MR) and Detection agent (DA)) improperly verifies the origin of incoming requests, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code by sending specially crafted packets.

Due to a firewall misconfiguration, Kerlink devices running KerOS prior to 5.12 incorrectly accept specially crafted UDP packets. This allows an attacker to bypass the firewall and access UDP-based services that would otherwise be protected.

An incorrect implementation of "XEP-0280: Message Carbons" in multiple XMPP clients allows a remote attacker to impersonate any user, including contacts, in the vulnerable application's display. This allows for various kinds of social engineering attacks. This CVE is for SleekXMPP up to 1.3.1 and Slixmpp all versions up to 1.2.3, as bundled in poezio (0.8 - 0.10) and other products.

In CODESYS Development System versions from 3.5.11.20 and before 3.5.19.20 a missing integrity check might allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to manipulate the content of notifications received via HTTP by the CODESYS notification server.

TAIWAN-CA(TWCA) JCICSecurityTool fails to check the source website and access locations when executing multiple Registry-related functions. In the scenario where a user is using the JCICSecurityTool and has completed identity verification, if the user browses a malicious webpage created by an attacker, the attacker can exploit this vulnerability to read or modify any registry file under HKEY_CURRENT_USER, thereby achieving remote code execution.

IPv4-in-IPv6 and IPv6-in-IPv6 tunneling (RFC 2473) do not require the validation or verification of the source of a network packet, allowing an attacker to spoof and route arbitrary traffic via an exposed network interface. This is a similar issue to CVE-2020-10136.

IPv6-in-IPv4 tunneling (RFC 4213) allows an attacker to spoof and route traffic via an exposed network interface.

An issue in Horizon Business Services Inc. Caterease 16.0.1.1663 through 24.0.1.2405 and possibly later versions, allows a remote attacker to perform a Traffic Injection attack due to improper verification of the source of a communication channel.

In versions of the @theia/plugin-ext component of Eclipse Theia prior to 1.18.0, Webview contents can be hijacked via postMessage().

An issue in SHENZHEN TENDA TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD Tenda AX2pro V16.03.29.48_cn allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the Routing functionality.

Chunghwa Telecom NOKIA G-040W-Q Firewall function has a vulnerability of input validation for ICMP redirect messages. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted package to modify the network routing table, resulting in a denial of service or sensitive information leaking.

Improper validation of source IP addresses in OpenVPN version 2.6.0 through 2.6.15 and 2.7_alpha1 through 2.7_rc1 allows an attacker to open a session from a different IP address which did not initiate the connection resulting in a denial of service for the originating client

A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC CP 343-1 (6GK7343-1EX30-0XE0) (All versions), SIMATIC CP 343-1 Lean (6GK7343-1CX10-0XE0) (All versions), SIPLUS NET CP 343-1 (6AG1343-1EX30-7XE0) (All versions), SIPLUS NET CP 343-1 Lean (6AG1343-1CX10-2XE0) (All versions). Affected products incorrectly validate TCP sequence numbers. This could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to create a denial of service condition by injecting spoofed TCP RST packets.

Improper Verification of Source of a Communication Channel in GitHub repository usememos/memos prior to 0.9.1.

TouchLink packets processed after timeout or out of range due to Operation on a Resource after Expiration and Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime may allow a device to be added outside of valid TouchLink range or pairing duration This issue affects Ember ZNet 7.1.x from 7.1.3 through 7.1.5; 7.2.x from 7.2.0 through 7.2.3; Version 7.3 and later are unaffected

Improper Verification of Source of a Communication Channel in GitHub repository usememos/memos prior to 0.9.1.

Easy Chat Server 3.1 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows remote attackers to crash the application by sending oversized data in the message parameter. Attackers can establish a session via the chat.ghp endpoint and then send a POST request to body2.ghp with an excessively large message parameter value to cause the service to crash.

A security vulnerability has been detected in Cesanta Mongoose up to 7.20. This affects the function getpeer of the file /src/net_builtin.c of the component TCP Sequence Number Handler. The manipulation leads to improper verification of source of a communication channel. The attack may be initiated remotely. The attack's complexity is rated as high. The exploitability is reported as difficult. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

An improper verification of source of a communication channel vulnerability [CWE-940] in FortiClientEMS 7.4.0, 7.2.0 through 7.2.4, 7.0 all versions, 6.4 all versions may allow a remote attacker to bypass the trusted host feature via session connection.

Element Android is an Android Matrix Client. Element Android version 1.4.3 through 1.6.10 is vulnerable to intent redirection, allowing a third-party malicious application to start any internal activity by passing some extra parameters. Possible impact includes making Element Android display an arbitrary web page, executing arbitrary JavaScript; bypassing PIN code protection; and account takeover by spawning a login screen to send credentials to an arbitrary home server. This issue is fixed in Element Android 1.6.12. There is no known workaround to mitigate the issue.

Affected products do not properly enforce TCP sequence number validation in specific scenarios but accept values within a broad range. This could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker e.g. to interfere with connection setup, potentially leading to a denial of service. The attack succeeds only if an attacker can inject IP packets with spoofed addresses at precisely timed moments, and it affects only TCP-based services.

A vulnerability in the Dedicated XML Agent feature of Cisco IOS XR Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) on XML TCP listen port 38751. This vulnerability is due to a lack of proper error validation of ingress XML packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a sustained, crafted stream of XML traffic to a targeted device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause XML TCP port 38751 to become unreachable while the attack traffic persists.

Traccar Client is a GPS tracking mobile app for sending location updates to private servers using the open-source Traccar platform. In versions 9.7.19 and below, a single crafted deep link can silently hijack all GPS tracking parameters and redirect telemetry to an attacker-controlled server. The app registers a custom org.traccar.client://config deep-link scheme that silently writes attacker-supplied parameters (server URL, device ID, accuracy, distance, and interval) into the app's persistent configuration with no confirmation, notification, or visual indication. A single crafted link delivered via SMS, email, a webpage, or any installed app can therefore reconfigure the app the moment the victim taps it, with no special permissions required. As a result, an attacker can covertly redirect all of the victim's GPS telemetry to their own server at maximum precision and frequency, and the change persists across restarts. This gives the attacker continuous, real-time tracking of the victim's location. This issue has been fixed in version 9.7.20.

In JetBrains YouTrack before 2024.3.47197 insecure plugin iframe allowed arbitrary JavaScript execution and unauthorized API requests

An issue in Tenda AX12 v.16.03.49.18_cn+ allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via the Routing functionality and ICMP packet handling.

TP-LINK TL-7DR5130 v1.0.23 is vulnerable to TCP DoS or hijacking attacks. An attacker in the same WLAN as the victim can disconnect or hijack the traffic between the victim and any remote server by sending out forged TCP RST messages to evict NAT mappings in the router.

OpenClaw before 2026.3.22 contains an unvalidated WebView JavascriptInterface vulnerability allowing attackers to inject arbitrary instructions. Untrusted pages can invoke the canvas bridge to execute malicious code within the Android application context.

Redmi router RB03 v1.0.57 is vulnerable to TCP DoS or hijacking attacks. An attacker in the same WLAN as the victim can disconnect or hijack the traffic between the victim and any remote server by sending out forged TCP RST messages to evict NAT mappings in the router.

The registration process of uniFLOW Online (NT-ware product) apps, prior to and including version 2024.1.0, can be compromised when email login is enabled on the tenant. Those tenants utilising email login in combination with Microsoft Safe Links or similar are impacted. This vulnerability may allow the attacker to register themselves against a genuine user in the system and allow malicious users with similar access and capabilities via the app to the existing genuine user.

Incomplete validation of AI rich response messages for Instagram Reels in WhatsApp for iOS v2.25.8.0 to v2.26.15.72 and WhatsApp for Android v2.25.8.0 to v2.26.7.10 could have allowed a user to trigger processing of media content from an arbitrary URL on another user’s device, including triggering OS-controlled custom URL scheme handlers. We have not seen evidence of exploitation in the wild.

Summarize prior to 0.15.1 contains a vulnerability in the hover summary feature that allows malicious pages to dispatch synthetic mouseover events over attacker-controlled links, causing the extension to make authenticated daemon requests using stored tokens without verifying event trustworthiness. Attackers can place local or private-network URLs behind hoverable links to route authenticated requests through the daemon, potentially accessing sensitive internal endpoints when users interact with attacker-controlled content.

An issue in H3C Technologies Co., Limited H3C Magic RC3000 RC3000V100R009 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the Routing functionality.

A ZigBee coordinator, router, or end device may change their node ID when an unsolicited encrypted rejoin response is received, this change in node ID causes Denial of Service (DoS). To recover from this DoS, the network must be re-established

Redmi router RB03 v1.0.57 is vulnerable to forged ICMP redirect message attacks. An attacker in the same WLAN as the victim can hijack the traffic between the victim and any remote server by sending out forged ICMP redirect messages.

Gematik Authenticator securely authenticates users for login to digital health applications. Versions prior to 4.16.0 are vulnerable to authentication flow hijacking, potentially allowing attackers to authenticate with the identities of victim users who click on a malicious deep link. Update Gematik Authenticator to version 4.16.0 or greater to receive a patch. There are no known workarounds.

SillyTavern is a locally installed user interface that allows users to interact with text generation large language models, image generation engines, and text-to-speech voice models. In versions prior to 1.13.4, the web user interface for SillyTavern is susceptible to DNS rebinding, allowing attackers to perform actions like install malicious extensions, read chats, inject arbitrary HTML for phishing attacks, etc. The vulnerability has been patched in the version 1.13.4 by introducing a server configuration setting that enables a validation of host names in inbound HTTP requests according to the provided list of allowed hosts: `hostWhitelist.enabled` in config.yaml file or `SILLYTAVERN_HOSTWHITELIST_ENABLED` environment variable. While the setting is disabled by default to honor a wide variety of existing user configurations and maintain backwards compatibility, existing and new users are encouraged to review their server configurations and apply necessary changes to their setup, especially if hosting over the local network while not using SSL.

Netty is a network application framework for development of protocol servers and clients. NoQuicTokenHandler is the tokenHandler used when the application does not set one. Prior to version 4.2.15.Final, its writeToken() returns false (server will not send Retry — acceptable), but validateToken() unconditionally `return 0`. In QuicheQuicServerCodec.handlePacket(), a non-negative return from validateToken() is interpreted as 'token is valid, ODCID starts at offset 0', causing the server to call quiche_accept as if the client's address had been validated by a Retry round-trip. Per RFC 9000 §8.1, a validated address lifts the 3× anti-amplification send limit. Thus any attacker who includes ANY non-empty token bytes in an Initial packet — with a spoofed victim source IP — causes the Netty server to treat the victim as validated and reflect full-size handshake flights (certificates, etc.) toward it without the 3× cap. The correct 'no token handler' semantics would be to return -1 (invalid) so the normal un-validated path and amplification limit apply. Version 4.2.15.Final patches the issue.

WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In versions up to and including 29.0, objects/sendEmail.json.php exposes two branches depending on whether contactForm=1 is submitted. When the parameter is omitted, the endpoint sets $sendTo to an attacker-supplied email and, for unauthenticated callers, uses the site's own contact email as the message From:/Reply-To:. The endpoint is explicitly allow-listed as a "public write action" in objects/functionsSecurity.php (line 885), so it requires no authentication or CSRF token. An unauthenticated attacker (solving a captcha) can force the site's own SMTP infrastructure to send attacker-composed emails to arbitrary recipients with the site's legitimate sender address, passing SPF/DKIM/DMARC for the site's domain — ideal for targeted phishing and brand impersonation. Commit 4e3709895857a5857f0edb46b0ee984de0d9e1a2 contains an updated fix.

Anviz CrossChex Standard lacks source verification in the client/server channel, enabling TCP packet injection by an attacker on the same network to alter or disrupt application traffic.

Home Assistant Core is an open source home automation that puts local control and privacy first. Affected versions are subject to a potential man-in-the-middle attacks due to missing SSL certificate verification in the project codebase and used third-party libraries. In the past, `aiohttp-session`/`request` had the parameter `verify_ssl` to control SSL certificate verification. This was a boolean value. In `aiohttp` 3.0, this parameter was deprecated in favor of the `ssl` parameter. Only when `ssl` is set to `None` or provided with a correct configured SSL context the standard SSL certificate verification will happen. When migrating integrations in Home Assistant and libraries used by Home Assistant, in some cases the `verify_ssl` parameter value was just moved to the new `ssl` parameter. This resulted in these integrations and 3rd party libraries using `request.ssl = True`, which unintentionally turned off SSL certificate verification and opened up a man-in-the-middle attack vector. This issue has been addressed in version 2024.1.6 and all users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.

An issue was discovered in Deepin dde-api-proxy through 1.0.19 in which unprivileged users can access D-Bus services as root. Specifically, dde-api-proxy runs as root and forwards messages from arbitrary local users to legacy D-Bus methods in the actual D-Bus services, and the actual D-Bus services don't know about the proxy situation (they believe that root is asking them to do things). Consequently several proxied methods, that shouldn't be accessible to non-root users, are accessible to non-root users. In situations where Polkit is involved, the caller would be treated as admin, resulting in a similar escalation of privileges.

The issue was resolved by not loading remote images. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.6 and iPadOS 18.6. Forwarding an email could display remote images in Mail in Lockdown Mode.

An improper verification vulnerability in the GlobalProtect gateway feature of Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS software enables a malicious user with stolen credentials to establish a VPN connection from an unauthorized IP address.

Dell PowerProtect Data Manager, version(s) prior to 19.22, contain(s) an Improper Verification of Source of a Communication Channel vulnerability in the REST API. A high privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to protection mechanism bypass.

The TTLock App does not employ proper verification procedures to ensure that it is communicating with the expected device, allowing for connection to a device that spoofs the MAC address of a lock, which compromises the legitimate locks integrity.

A vulnerability in the IPv6 Router Advertisement (RA) packet processing of Cisco Access Point Software could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to modify the IPv6 gateway on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to a logic error in the processing of IPv6 RA packets that are received from wireless clients. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by associating to a wireless network and sending a series of crafted IPv6 RA packets. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to temporarily change the IPv6 gateway of an affected device. This could also lead to intermittent packet loss for any wireless clients that are associated with the affected device.

Some payload elements of the messages sent between two stations in a networking architecture are not properly checked on the receiving station allowing an attacker to execute unauthorized commands in the application.

An Improper Verification of Source of a Communication Channel vulnerability [CWE-940] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.4, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.9, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions may allow an authenticated user with knowledge of FSSO policy configurations to gain unauthorized access to protected network resources via crafted requests.

The widely used component that establishes outbound TLS connections in SAP NetWeaver Application Server Java does not reliably match the hostname that is used for the connection against the wildcard hostname defined in the received certificate of remote TLS server. This might lead to the outbound connection being established to a possibly malicious remote TLS server and hence disclose information. Integrity and Availability are not impacted.

In AMD Versal Adaptive SoC devices, the incorrect configuration of the SSS during runtime (post-boot) cryptographic operations could cause data to be incorrectly written to and read from invalid locations as well as returning incorrect cryptographic data.

Home Assistant is open source home automation software that puts local control and privacy first. Prior to 2026.4.1 for iOS and 2026.4.4 for Android, he Home Assistant Companion apps for Android and iOS expose a JavaScript bridge to the in-app WebView window.externalApp on Android and webkit.messageHandlers.getExternalAuth (alongside revokeExternalAuth and externalBus) on iOS. Two flaws expose the bridge to all frames (including cross-origin iframes) and unsanitized interpolation of the JavaScript callback identifier allows a cross-origin iframe rendered inside the Companion app to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the Home Assistant frontend's main-frame origin and exfiltrate the signed-in user's access token. This vulnerability is fixed in 2026.4.1 for iOS and 2026.4.4 for Android.

electerm is an open-sourced terminal/ssh/sftp/telnet/serialport/RDP/VNC/Spice/ftp client. From 3.0.6 to 3.8.8, This vulnerability is fixed in 3.9.0.

The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) Electronic Protest Docketing System (EPDS) and Civilian Board of Contract Appeals (CBCA) Electronic Docketing System (EDS) do not validate X-Forwarded-For HTTP headers, allowing a remote attacker with compromised administrator credentials to bypass network access controls and log in.

### Impact Wreck strips credential headers (Authorization, Cookie, Proxy-Authorization) before following a cross-origin redirect, but the origin check compares hostnames only and ignores scheme and port. As a result, credentials are forwarded intact across same-host port changes and HTTPS-to-HTTP downgrades, allowing a co-tenant on an adjacent port or a network-position attacker capable of forging a redirect to capture bearer tokens, session cookies, and proxy credentials and impersonate the victim against the upstream service. The fix replaces the hostname comparison with a full-origin comparison (scheme, host, and port), aligning the behavior with the WHATWG Fetch same-origin definition used by browsers. ### Patches Upgrade to >= 18.1.2. ### Workarounds - Set `redirects: 0` (default) and handle redirects manually with a strict origin check. - Use the `beforeRedirect` hook to inspect the redirect target and abort or strip sensitive headers before the follow-on request.