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CWE-324

Use of a Key Past its Expiration Date

BaseDraftSimple23 CVEs
The product uses a cryptographic key or password past its expiration date, which diminishes its safety significantly by increasing the timing window for cracking attacks against that key.

Extended description

While the expiration of keys does not necessarily ensure that they are compromised, it is a significant concern that keys which remain in use for prolonged periods of time have a decreasing probability of integrity. For this reason, it is important to replace keys within a period of time proportional to their strength.

Common consequences1

  • Access ControlBypass Protection MechanismGain Privileges or Assume Identity

    The cryptographic key in question may be compromised, providing a malicious user with a method for authenticating as the victim.

Potential mitigations1

  1. Architecture and Design

    Adequate consideration should be put in to the user interface in order to notify users previous to the key's expiration, to explain the importance of new key generation and to walk users through the process as painlessly as possible.

Relationships2

CVEs referencing this CWE23

CVEDescriptionSeverityEPSSFlagsModified
CVE-2022-35401

An authentication bypass vulnerability exists in the get_IFTTTTtoken.cgi functionality of Asus RT-AX82U 3.0.0.4.386_49674-ge182230. A specially-crafted HTTP request can lead to full administrative access to the device. An attacker would need to send a series of HTTP requests to exploit this vulnerability.

HIGH8.1
21%p97
2025-03-05
CVE-2012-5563

OpenStack Keystone, as used in OpenStack Folsom 2012.2, does not properly implement token expiration, which allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended authorization restrictions by creating new tokens through token chaining. NOTE: this issue exists because of a CVE-2012-3426 regression.

HIGH5.9
2.84%p85
2026-04-29
CVE-2013-2104

python-keystoneclient before 0.2.4, as used in OpenStack Keystone (Folsom), does not properly check expiry for PKI tokens, which allows remote authenticated users to (1) retain use of a token after it has expired, or (2) use a revoked token once it expires.

HIGH7.5
2.06%p79
2026-04-29
CVE-2019-10643

Contao 4.7 allows Use of a Key Past its Expiration Date.

CRITICAL9.8
1.25%p66
2024-11-21
CVE-2024-36031

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: keys: Fix overwrite of key expiration on instantiation The expiry time of a key is unconditionally overwritten during instantiation, defaulting to turn it permanent. This causes a problem for DNS resolution as the expiration set by user-space is overwritten to TIME64_MAX, disabling further DNS updates. Fix this by restoring the condition that key_set_expiry is only called when the pre-parser sets a specific expiry.

CRITICAL9.8
0.75%p50
2026-05-23
CVE-2019-3790

The Pivotal Ops Manager, 2.2.x versions prior to 2.2.23, 2.3.x versions prior to 2.3.16, 2.4.x versions prior to 2.4.11, and 2.5.x versions prior to 2.5.3, contain configuration that circumvents refresh token expiration. A remote authenticated user can gain access to a browser session that was supposed to have expired, and access Ops Manager resources.

NONE
0.66%p47
2024-11-21
CVE-2022-2447

A flaw was found in Keystone. There is a time lag (up to one hour in a default configuration) between when security policy says a token should be revoked from when it is actually revoked. This could allow a remote administrator to secretly maintain access for longer than expected.

MEDIUM6.6
0.59%p43
2024-11-21
CVE-2021-33020

Philips Vue PACS versions 12.2.x.x and prior uses a cryptographic key or password past its expiration date, which diminishes its safety significantly by increasing the timing window for cracking attacks against that key.

HIGH7.5
0.57%p43
2025-04-16
CVE-2026-43585

OpenClaw before 2026.4.15 captures resolved bearer-auth configuration at startup, allowing revoked tokens to remain valid after SecretRef rotation. Gateway HTTP and WebSocket handlers fail to re-resolve authentication per-request, enabling attackers to use rotated-out bearer tokens for unauthorized gateway access.

CRITICAL9.8
0.54%p41
2026-05-12
CVE-2024-7318

A vulnerability was found in Keycloak. Expired OTP codes are still usable when using FreeOTP when the OTP token period is set to 30 seconds (default). Instead of expiring and deemed unusable around 30 seconds in, the tokens are valid for an additional 30 seconds totaling 1 minute. A one time passcode that is valid longer than its expiration time increases the attack window for malicious actors to abuse the system and compromise accounts. Additionally, it increases the attack surface because at any given time, two OTPs are valid.

MEDIUM4.8
0.39%p31
2026-01-26
CVE-2022-24732

Maddy Mail Server is an open source SMTP compatible email server. Versions of maddy prior to 0.5.4 do not implement password expiry or account expiry checking when authenticating using PAM. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade should manually remove expired accounts via existing filtering mechanisms.

HIGH8.8
0.39%p31
2025-04-23
CVE-2025-31123

Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. A vulnerability existed where expired keys can be used to retrieve tokens. Specifically, ZITADEL fails to properly check the expiration date of the JWT key when used for Authorization Grants. This allows an attacker with an expired key to obtain valid access tokens. This vulnerability does not affect the use of JWT Profile for OAuth 2.0 Client Authentication on the Token and Introspection endpoints, which correctly reject expired keys. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.71.6, 2.70.8, 2.69.9, 2.68.9, 2.67.13, 2.66.16, 2.65.7, 2.64.6, and 2.63.9.

HIGH8.7
0.34%p26
2025-08-26
CVE-2025-2291

Password can be used past expiry in PgBouncer due to auth_query not taking into account Postgres its VALID UNTIL value, which allows an attacker to log in with an already expired password

CRITICAL9.8
0.31%p22
2025-12-08
CVE-2024-31895

IBM App Connect Enterprise 12.0.1.0 through 12.0.12.1 could allow an authenticated user to obtain sensitive user information using an expired access token. IBM X-Force ID: 288176.

MEDIUM6.5
0.28%p19
2025-01-08
CVE-2024-31894

IBM App Connect Enterprise 12.0.1.0 through 12.0.12.1 could allow an authenticated user to obtain sensitive user information using an expired access token. IBM X-Force ID: 288175.

MEDIUM4.3
0.26%p17
2025-01-08
CVE-2024-31893

IBM App Connect Enterprise 12.0.1.0 through 12.0.12.1 could allow an authenticated user to obtain sensitive calendar information using an expired access token. IBM X-Force ID: 288174.

MEDIUM4.3
0.26%p17
2025-01-07
CVE-2024-25679

In PQUIC before 5bde5bb, retention of unused initial encryption keys allows attackers to disrupt a connection with a PSK configuration by sending a CONNECTION_CLOSE frame that is encrypted via the initial key computed. Network traffic sniffing is needed as part of exploitation.

MEDIUM6.5
0.25%p17
2025-06-16
CVE-2024-38277

A unique key should be generated for a user's QR login key and their auto-login key, so the same key cannot be used interchangeably between the two.

MEDIUM5.4
0.24%p15
2025-08-07
CVE-2025-48813

Use of a key past its expiration date in Virtual Secure Mode allows an authorized attacker to perform spoofing locally.

MEDIUM4.7
0.23%p13
2026-02-26
CVE-2025-13723

IBM Sterling Partner Engagement Manager 6.2.3.0 through 6.2.3.5 and 6.2.4.0 through 6.2.4.2 could allow an attacker to obtain sensitive user information using an expired access token

HIGH7.5
0.17%p6
2026-03-18
CVE-2024-6299

Lack of consideration of key expiry when validating signatures in Conduit, allowing an attacker which has compromised an expired key to forge requests as the remote server, as well as PDUs with timestamps past the expiry date

LOW3.7
0.16%p6
2024-11-21
CVE-2025-33012

IBM Db2 10.5.0 through 10.5.11, 11.1.0 through 11.1.4.7, 11.5.0 through 11.5.9, and 12.1.0 through 12.1.3 for Linux could allow an authenticated user to regain access after account lockout due to password use after expiration date.

HIGH8.8
0.14%p4
2025-11-19
CVE-2023-5342

The Fedora Secure Boot CA certificate shipped with shim in Fedora was expired which could lead to old or invalid signed boot components being loaded.

MEDIUM4.1
0.08%p0
2026-04-15