CWE-1385
Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets
Extended description
WebSockets provide a bi-directional low latency communication (near real-time) between a client and a server. WebSockets are different than HTTP in that the connections are long-lived, as the channel will remain open until the client or the server is ready to send the message, whereas in HTTP, once the response occurs (which typically happens immediately), the transaction completes. A WebSocket can leverage the existing HTTP protocol over ports 80 and 443, but it is not limited to HTTP. WebSockets can make cross-origin requests that are not restricted by browser-based protection mechanisms such as the Same Origin Policy (SOP) or Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS). Without explicit origin validation, this makes CSRF attacks more powerful.
Common consequences1
- ConfidentialityIntegrityAvailabilityNon-RepudiationAccess ControlVaries by ContextGain Privileges or Assume IdentityBypass Protection MechanismRead Application DataModify Application DataDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The consequences will vary depending on the nature of the functionality that is vulnerable to CSRF. An attacker could effectively perform any operations as the victim. If the victim is an administrator or privileged user, the consequences may include obtaining complete control over the web application - deleting or stealing data, uninstalling the product, or using it to launch other attacks against all of the product's users. Because the attacker has the identity of the victim, the scope of the CSRF is limited only by the victim's privileges.
Potential mitigations7
- Implementation
Enable CORS-like access restrictions by verifying the 'Origin' header during the WebSocket handshake.
- Implementation
Use a randomized CSRF token to verify requests.
- Implementation
Use TLS to securely communicate using 'wss' (WebSocket Secure) instead of 'ws'.
- Architecture and DesignImplementation
Require user authentication prior to the WebSocket connection being established. For example, the WS library in Node has a 'verifyClient' function.
- ImplementationDefense in Depth
Leverage rate limiting to prevent against DoS. Use of the leaky bucket algorithm can help with this.
- ImplementationDefense in Depth
Use a library that provides restriction of the payload size. For example, WS library for Node includes 'maxPayloadoption' that can be set.
- Implementation
Treat data/input as untrusted in both directions and apply the same data/input sanitization as XSS, SQLi, etc.
Relationships1
- ChildOfCWE-346
CVEs referencing this CWE50
| CVE | Description | Severity | EPSS | Flags | Modified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2024-48849 | Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets vulnerability in FLXEON. Session management was not sufficient to prevent unauthorized HTTPS requests. This issue affects FLXEON: through <= 9.3.4. | CRITICAL9.4 | 0.92%p60 | PoC | 2026-06-17 |
| CVE-2025-24964 | Vitest is a testing framework powered by Vite. Affected versions are subject to arbitrary remote Code Execution when accessing a malicious website while Vitest API server is listening by Cross-site WebSocket hijacking (CSWSH) attacks. When `api` option is enabled (Vitest UI enables it), Vitest starts a WebSocket server. This WebSocket server did not check Origin header and did not have any authorization mechanism and was vulnerable to CSWSH attacks. This WebSocket server has `saveTestFile` API that can edit a test file and `rerun` API that can rerun the tests. An attacker can execute arbitrary code by injecting a code in a test file by the `saveTestFile` API and then running that file by calling the `rerun` API. This vulnerability can result in remote code execution for users that are using Vitest serve API. This issue has been patched in versions 1.6.1, 2.1.9 and 3.0.5. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability. | HIGH8.8 | 0.68%p52 | 2026-06-17 | |
| CVE-2026-27148 | Storybook is a frontend workshop for building user interface components and pages in isolation. Prior to versions 7.6.23, 8.6.17, 9.1.19, and 10.2.10, the WebSocket functionality in Storybook's dev server, used to create and update stories, is vulnerable to WebSocket hijacking. This vulnerability only affects the Storybook dev server; production builds are not impacted. Exploitation requires a developer to visit a malicious website while their local Storybook dev server is running. Because the WebSocket connection does not validate the origin of incoming connections, a malicious site can silently send WebSocket messages to the local instance without any further user interaction. If the Storybook dev server is intentionally exposed publicly (e.g. for design reviews or stakeholder demos) the risk is higher, as no malicious site visit is required. Any unauthenticated attacker can send WebSocket messages to it directly. The vulnerability affects the WebSocket message handlers for creating and saving stories. Both are vulnerable to injection via unsanitized input in the componentFilePath field, which can be exploited to achieve persistent XSS or Remote Code Execution (RCE). Versions 7.6.23, 8.6.17, 9.1.19, and 10.2.10 contain a fix for the issue. | CRITICAL9.6 | 0.63%p50 | 2026-07-15 | |
| CVE-2025-68930 | Versions of the Traccar open-source GPS tracking system up to and including 6.11.1 contain a Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH) vulnerability in the `/api/socket` endpoint. The application fails to validate the `Origin` header during the WebSocket handshake. This allows a remote attacker to bypass the Same Origin Policy (SOP) and establish a full-duplex WebSocket connection using a legitimate user's credentials (JSESSIONID). As of time of publication, it is unclear whether a fix is available. | MEDIUM6.5 | 0.56%p46 | PoC | 2026-06-17 |
| CVE-2023-0957 | An issue was discovered in Gitpod versions prior to release-2022.11.2.16. There is a Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH) vulnerability that allows attackers to make WebSocket connections to the Gitpod JSONRPC server using a victim’s credentials, because the Origin header is not restricted. This can lead to the extraction of data from workspaces, to a full takeover of the workspace. | CRITICAL9.6 | 0.41%p35 | 2026-06-17 | |
| CVE-2014-125071 | A vulnerability was found in lukehutch Gribbit. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is the function messageReceived of the file src/gribbit/request/HttpRequestHandler.java. The manipulation leads to missing origin validation in websockets. The name of the patch is 620418df247aebda3dd4be1dda10fe229ea505dd. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-217716. | CRITICAL9.8 | 0.41%p36 | 2026-06-17 | |
| CVE-2024-23168 | Vulnerability in Xiexe XSOverlay before build 647 allows non-local websites to send the malicious commands to the WebSocket API, resulting in the arbitrary code execution. | CRITICAL9.8 | 0.40%p34 | 2026-06-17 | |
| CVE-2026-88061 | career-ops is an open-source AI-assisted job search and application management tool. Prior to 0.8.0, the career-ops local web dashboard web/ exposed command-spawning and user-file-writing /api routes without validating request origin or restricting clients to loopback addresses. A malicious page in another browser tab could send cross-origin localhost requests while the dashboard was running, and a dashboard bound beyond loopback could receive direct requests from the local network. Both paths allowed unauthenticated command execution as the dashboard user, but npm installations were unaffected because web/ is excluded from the published package. This issue is fixed in version 0.8.0. | NONE | 0.38%p31 | 2026-09-30 | |
| CVE-2023-49805 | Uptime Kuma is an easy-to-use self-hosted monitoring tool. Prior to version 1.23.9, the application uses WebSocket (with Socket.io), but it does not verify that the source of communication is valid. This allows third-party website to access the application on behalf of their client. When connecting to the server using Socket.IO, the server does not validate the `Origin` header leading to other site being able to open connections to the server and communicate with it. Other websites still need to authenticate to access most features, however this can be used to circumvent firewall protections made in place by people deploying the application. Without origin validation, Javascript executed from another origin would be allowed to connect to the application without any user interaction. Without login credentials, such a connection is unable to access protected endpoints containing sensitive data of the application. However, such a connection may allow attacker to further exploit unseen vulnerabilities of the application. Users with "No-auth" mode configured who are relying on a reverse proxy or firewall to provide protection to the application would be especially vulnerable as it would grant the attacker full access to the application. In version 1.23.9, additional verification of the HTTP Origin header has been added to the socket.io connection handler. By default, if the `Origin` header is present, it would be checked against the Host header. Connection would be denied if the hostnames do not match, which would indicate that the request is cross-origin. Connection would be allowed if the `Origin` header is not present. Users can override this behavior by setting environment variable `UPTIME_KUMA_WS_ORIGIN_CHECK=bypass`. | HIGH8.8 | 0.38%p32 | 2026-06-17 | |
| CVE-2023-2848 | Movim prior to version 0.22 is affected by a Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking vulnerability. This was the result of a missing header validation. | HIGH8.8 | 0.37%p31 | 2026-06-17 | |
| CVE-2026-107858 | Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets (CWE-1385) and Permissive Cross-domain Policy with Untrusted Domains (CWE-942) in the development web server (ADK Web) in Google Agent Development Kit (ADK) for Java (com.google.adk:google-adk-dev versions 0.1.0 before 1.13.0 and com.google.adk:google-adk-maven-plugin versions 0.3.0 before 1.13.0) allow a remote attacker to control a locally running agent and read its data via a malicious web page visited by a developer while the server is running. The /run_live WebSocket endpoint accepts connections from any origin by default (hardcoded via setAllowedOrigins("*") in versions 0.1.0 through 1.5.0, and defaulting to * via adk.web.cors.origins in versions 1.6.0 through 1.12.0), and since version 0.4.0 the REST API returns Access-Control-Allow-Origin: * by default. Because the server has no authentication and requests originate from the developer's browser (so binding to localhost does not prevent exploitation), a cross-origin page can send messages to the agent (triggering registered tools), stream agent responses, and list, read, create, or delete sessions and artifacts. In versions 1.6.0 through 1.12.0, users can mitigate the issue by setting the adk.web.cors.origins property to an explicit allowlist of trusted origins (such as http://localhost:8000). The vulnerability is fixed in version 1.13.0, which enforces a same-origin default for CORS and the /run_live WebSocket endpoint, and rejects DNS-rebinding requests over loopback. | NONE | 0.36%p30 | 2026-10-23 | |
| CVE-2025-52882 | Claude Code is an agentic coding tool. Claude Code extensions in VSCode and forks (e.g., Cursor, Windsurf, and VSCodium) and JetBrains IDEs (e.g., IntelliJ, Pycharm, and Android Studio) are vulnerable to unauthorized websocket connections from an attacker when visiting attacker-controlled webpages. Claude Code for VSCode IDE extensions versions 0.2.116 through 1.0.23 are vulnerable. For Jetbrains IDE plugins, Claude Code [beta] versions 0.1.1 through 0.1.8 are vulnerable. In VSCode (and forks), exploitation would allow an attacker to read arbitrary files, see the list of files open in the IDE, get selection and diagnostics events from the IDE, or execute code in limited situations where a user has an open Jupyter Notebook and accepts a malicious prompt. In JetBrains IDEs, an attacker could get selection events, a list of open files, and a list of syntax errors. Claude released a patch for this issue on June 13th, 2025. Although Claude Code auto-updates when a user launch it and auto-updates the extensions, users should take the following steps, though the exact steps depend on one's integrated development environment (IDE). For VSCode, Cursor, Windsurf, VSCodium, and other VSCode forks, check the extension Claude Code for VSCode. Open the list of Extensions (View->Extensions), look for Claude Code for VSCode among installed extensions, update or uninstall any version prior to 1.0.24, and restart the IDE. For JetBrains IDEs including IntelliJ, PyCharm, and Android Studio, check the plugin Claude Code [Beta]. Open the Plugins list, look for Claude Code [Beta] among installed extensions, update or uninstall any version prior to 0.1.9, and restart the IDE. | NONE | 0.36%p29 | 2026-06-17 | |
| CVE-2026-57111 | Permissive Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) in the REST API (helix-rest, org.apache.helix.rest.server.filters.CORSFilter) in Apache Helix through 2.0.0 on all platforms allows a remote attacker controlling a web page visited by an authorized user to read responses from and issue cross-origin requests to administrative REST endpoints via a cross-origin request from an arbitrary origin, since the filter unconditionally returns Access-Control-Allow-Origin: * together with Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true and reflects arbitrary Access-Control-Request-Method / Access-Control-Request-Headers values in preflight responses. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.0.1, which fixes this issue. | HIGH7.5 | 0.35%p28 | 2026-10-25 | |
| CVE-2023-30856 | eDEX-UI is a science fiction terminal emulator. Versions 2.2.8 and prior are vulnerable to cross-site websocket hijacking. When running eDEX-UI and browsing the web, a malicious website can connect to eDEX's internal terminal control websocket, and send arbitrary commands to the shell. The project has been archived since 2021, and as of time of publication there are no plans to patch this issue and release a new version. Some workarounds are available, including shutting down eDEX-UI when browsing the web and ensuring the eDEX terminal runs with lowest possible privileges. | CRITICAL10.0 | 0.35%p28 | 2026-06-17 | |
| CVE-2023-26114 | Versions of the package code-server before 4.10.1 are vulnerable to Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets handshakes. Exploiting this vulnerability can allow an adversary in specific scenarios to access data from and connect to the code-server instance. | CRITICAL9.3 | 0.34%p27 | 2026-06-17 | |
| CVE-2023-2850 | NodeBB is affected by a Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking vulnerability due to missing validation of the request origin. Exploitation of this vulnerability allows certain user information to be extracted by attacker. | MEDIUM4.7 | 0.33%p27 | 2026-06-17 | |
| CVE-2026-59804 | Midscene Bridge Server through 1.10.3, fixed in commit 86f4118, contains a missing authentication and CORS misconfiguration vulnerability that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to hijack active bridge sessions by opening a cross-origin WebSocket connection to the local Socket.IO server, which performs no Origin header validation and requires no authentication token. Attackers can connect from any web page visited by the victim to seize the single-client slot, intercept and inject automation commands, exfiltrate command-payload data, or unconditionally terminate the server by supplying the MIDSCENE_BRIDGE_SIGNAL_KILL query parameter. | MEDIUM6.8 | 0.31%p24 | 2026-10-25 | |
| CVE-2025-24010 | Vite is a frontend tooling framework for javascript. Vite allowed any websites to send any requests to the development server and read the response due to default CORS settings and lack of validation on the Origin header for WebSocket connections. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.0.9, 5.4.12, and 4.5.6. | MEDIUM6.5 | 0.30%p22 | 2026-06-17 | |
| CVE-2024-51775 | Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets vulnerability in Apache Zeppelin. The attacker could access the Zeppelin server from another origin without any restriction, and get internal information about paragraphs. This issue affects Apache Zeppelin: from 0.11.1 before 0.12.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.12.0, which fixes the issue. | MEDIUM5.3 | 0.28%p20 | 2026-06-17 | |
| CVE-2026-15580 | vault token disclosure via unvalidated postMessage vulnerability in N-able PassPortal allows Authentication Abuse. This issue affects the PassPortal browser extension: before 3.49.6. | NONE | 0.25%p16 | 2026-10-15 | |
| CVE-2026-22689 | Mailpit is an email testing tool and API for developers. Prior to version 1.28.2, the Mailpit WebSocket server is configured to accept connections from any origin. This lack of Origin header validation introduces a Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH) vulnerability. An attacker can host a malicious website that, when visited by a developer running Mailpit locally, establishes a WebSocket connection to the victim's Mailpit instance (default ws://localhost:8025). This allows the attacker to intercept sensitive data such as email contents, headers, and server statistics in real-time. This issue has been patched in version 1.28.2. | MEDIUM6.5 | 0.24%p15 | 2026-06-17 | |
| CVE-2026-85183 | Taipy configures its socket.io server with wildcard CORS origin and credential flag enabled, allowing any web page to establish credentialed WebSocket connections to victim applications. Attackers can open socket.io sessions from arbitrary domains and invoke state variable modifications and action callbacks without CSRF protection. | CRITICAL9.3 | 0.23%p14 | 2026-09-24 | |
| CVE-2026-59950 | The MCP Python SDK, called mcp on PyPI, is a Python implementation of the Model Context Protocol (MCP). Prior to 1.28.1, the deprecated mcp.server.websocket.websocket_server transport accepted WebSocket handshakes without applying Host or Origin header validation, leaving no SDK-level way to restrict which origins could connect to applications that exposed that transport. This issue is fixed in version 1.28.1. | HIGH8.1 | 0.23%p14 | 2026-10-24 | |
| CVE-2026-10054 | In affected versions of Eclipse Theia (1.8.1 and later), the browser backend exposes privileged terminal RPC over WebSocket (/services/shell-terminal, /services/terminals/:id) without service-level authentication. WebSocket origin validation in @theia/core is fail-open: connections are accepted when the Origin header is missing or when no THEIA_HOSTS allowlist is configured (the default). The Socket.IO integration additionally replaces the real Origin header with a client-supplied fix-origin header that an attacker can control or omit. As a result, a foreign-origin web page visited by a user with a running Theia instance can open the /services WebSocket namespace, invoke terminal creation, attach to the resulting terminal data channel, execute arbitrary OS commands, and read their output. This affects both local developer setups (drive-by attack) and hosted or tunneled deployments without strong external authentication. A fix is in development that enforces same-origin validation by default, removes trust in the fix-origin header, gates HTTP and WebSocket access on a SameSite=Strict; HttpOnly connection-token cookie, and sanitizes shell terminal creation options. | HIGH8.8 | 0.22%p12 | 2026-10-25 | |
| CVE-2025-56647 | npm @farmfe/core before 1.7.6 is Missing Origin Validation in WebSocket. The development (hot module reloading) server does not validate origin when connecting to a WebSocket client. This allows attackers to surveil developers running Farm who visit their webpage and steal source code that is leaked by the WebSocket server. | MEDIUM6.5 | 0.22%p12 | 2026-06-17 | |
| CVE-2026-85267 | A Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking vulnerability in Cloud Shell prior to 2026-07-22 on Google Cloud Platform allows an unauthenticated attacker to hijack an active Cloud Shell session and exfiltrate the user's OAuth access token using a cross-origin WebSocket request. This vulnerability was patched on 22 July 2026, and no customer action is needed. | NONE | 0.21%p11 | 2026-10-20 | |
| CVE-2025-54289 | Privilege Escalation in operations API in Canonical LXD <6.5 on multiple platforms allows attacker with read permissions to hijack terminal or console sessions and execute arbitrary commands via WebSocket connection hijacking format | HIGH8.1 | 0.21%p12 | 2026-10-23 | |
| CVE-2023-2886 | Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets vulnerability in CBOT Chatbot allows Content Spoofing Via Application API Manipulation. This issue affects Chatbot: before Core: v4.0.3.4 Panel: v4.0.3.7. | MEDIUM4.3 | 0.21%p11 | 2026-06-17 | |
| CVE-2025-48068 | Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. In versions starting from 13.0 to before 14.2.30 and 15.0.0 to before 15.2.2, Next.js may have allowed limited source code exposure when the dev server was running with the App Router enabled. The vulnerability only affects local development environments and requires the user to visit a malicious webpage while npm run dev is active. This issue has been patched in versions 14.2.30 and 15.2.2. | MEDIUM4.3 | 0.20%p10 | 2026-06-17 | |
| CVE-2026-54565 | rhwp is an HWP viewer and editor implemented in Rust and WebAssembly. Prior to rhwp 0.7.15 and rhwp Chrome and Firefox extension 0.2.4, the browser extensions use an all-URLs host permission to detect HWP and HWPX links on visited pages, but the service workers do not validate message senders, URL schemes, or destination addresses before privileged fetches. The affected paths are rhwp-chrome/manifest.json, rhwp-chrome/content-script.js, rhwp-chrome/sw/message-router.js, rhwp-chrome/sw/thumbnail-extractor.js, rhwp-firefox/manifest.json, rhwp-firefox/content-script.js, rhwp-firefox/sw/message-router.js, and rhwp-firefox/sw/thumbnail-extractor.js. An untrusted page can make the fetch-file and extract-thumbnail handlers request localhost or private-network resources. When a target HWP or HWPX file contains an extractable PrvImage, the extension returns the preview as a data URI in page-readable DOM, allowing page script to read it. The flaw also permits internal-resource existence and port probing and extension presence or version fingerprinting. Exploitation requires a user to visit an untrusted page while the extension is enabled, and preview disclosure is limited to an extractable PrvImage. This issue is fixed in rhwp 0.7.15 and rhwp Chrome and Firefox extension 0.2.4. | MEDIUM4.7 | 0.19%p9 | 2026-09-24 | |
| CVE-2026-18251 | IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information due to improper validation of the WebSocket origin. | MEDIUM4.3 | 0.19%p8 | 2026-09-16 | |
| CVE-2026-109330 | Network-AI 5.0.0 before 5.15.2 contains a cross-site WebSocket hijacking vulnerability in DashboardServer that allows remote attackers to read live agent topology because handleUpgrade performs no Origin or token validation. Attackers can lure a victim running the dashboard to a malicious page that opens a WebSocket to the loopback dashboard and exfiltrates agent IDs, roles, task descriptions, and token budgets. | MEDIUM4.3 | 0.18%p8 | 2026-10-13 | |
| CVE-2026-44211 | Cline is an autonomous coding agent as an SDK, IDE extension, or CLI assistant. In versions 2.13.0 and prior, there is a cross-origin WebSocket hijack vulnerability in Cline Kanban servers. At time of publication, there are no publicly available patches. | CRITICAL9.6 | 0.18%p8 | 2026-07-22 | |
| CVE-2026-34403 | Nginx UI is a web user interface for the Nginx web server. Prior to version 2.3.5, all WebSocket endpoints in nginx-ui use a gorilla/websocket Upgrader with CheckOrigin unconditionally returning true, allowing Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH). Combined with the fact that authentication tokens are stored in browser cookies (set via JavaScript without HttpOnly or explicit SameSite attributes), a malicious webpage can establish authenticated WebSocket connections to the nginx-ui instance when a logged-in administrator visits the attacker-controlled page. Version 2.3.5 patches the issue. | HIGH8.1 | 0.18%p7 | 2026-10-26 | |
| CVE-2026-27977 | Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. Starting in version 16.0.1 and prior to version 16.1.7, in `next dev`, cross-site protection for internal websocket endpoints could treat `Origin: null` as a bypass case even if `allowedDevOrigins` is configured, allowing privacy-sensitive/opaque contexts (for example sandboxed documents) to connect unexpectedly. If a dev server is reachable from attacker-controlled content, an attacker may be able to connect to the HMR websocket channel and interact with dev websocket traffic. This affects development mode only. Apps without a configured `allowedDevOrigins` still allow connections from any origin. The issue is fixed in version 16.1.7 by validating `Origin: null` through the same cross-site origin-allowance checks used for other origins. If upgrading is not immediately possible, do not expose `next dev` to untrusted networks and/or block websocket upgrades to `/_next/webpack-hmr` when `Origin` is `null` at the proxy. | MEDIUM5.4 | 0.18%p7 | 2026-06-17 | |
| CVE-2026-21883 | Bokeh is an interactive visualization library written in Python. In versions 3.8.1 and below, if a server is configured with an allowlist (e.g., dashboard.corp), an attacker can register a domain like dashboard.corp.attacker.com (or use a subdomain if applicable) and lure a victim to visit it. The malicious site can then initiate a WebSocket connection to the vulnerable Bokeh server. Since the Origin header (e.g., http://dashboard.corp.attacker.com/) matches the allowlist according to the flawed logic, the connection is accepted. Once connected, the attacker can interact with the Bokeh server on behalf of the victim, potentially accessing sensitive data, or modifying visualizations. This issue is fixed in version 3.8.2. | MEDIUM5.4 | 0.18%p7 | 2026-06-17 | |
| CVE-2025-36116 | IBM Db2 Mirror for i 7.4, 7.5, and 7.6 GUI is affected by cross-site WebSocket hijacking vulnerability. By sending a specially crafted request, an unauthenticated malicious actor could exploit this vulnerability to sniff an existing WebSocket connection to then remotely perform operations that the user is not allowed to perform. | MEDIUM6.3 | 0.18%p7 | 2026-06-17 | |
| CVE-2026-71416 | Headroom compresses data before the data reaches a large language model. Prior to version 0.35.0, the Headroom WebSocket server does not validate the `Origin` header of incoming client WebSocket requests before forwarding the request to the upstream server, allowing malicious WebSocket clients to perform arbitrary LLM requests without authentication. This can be exploited by a malicious WebSocket client executed in a traditional or headless browser such as lightpanda, if the browser has access to the Headroom proxy and the OpenAI API key is stored in the `OPENAI_API_KEY` environment variable. Version 0.35.0 fixes the issue. | HIGH8.8 | 0.17%p7 | 2026-10-02 | |
| CVE-2026-44514 | Kubetail is a real-time logging dashboard for Kubernetes. Prior to 0.14.0, Kubetail's dashboard exposes WebSocket endpoints that did not adequately validate the Origin header on connection upgrade. A malicious web page visited by a user with an active Kubetail session could open a WebSocket to the user's dashboard and read their Kubernetes logs in real time. This is a Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH) vulnerability and affects both the desktop deployment (default http://localhost:7500) and cluster deployments (typically behind an Ingress with HTTP basic auth). This vulnerability is fixed in 0.14.0. | MEDIUM6.5 | 0.17%p6 | 2026-10-26 | |
| CVE-2023-32264 | CWE-1385 vulnerability in OpenText Documentum D2 affecting versions16.5.1 to CE 23.2. The vulnerability could allow upload arbitrary code and execute it on the client's computer. | MEDIUM5.8 | 0.17%p7 | 2026-06-17 | |
| CVE-2026-77363 | obsidian-tc is a governed, agent-ready Model Context Protocol server for Obsidian vaults. Prior to 1.3.1, the Streamable HTTP transport does not validate the Host or Origin header or enable DNS-rebinding protection. When the documented loopback configuration uses auth.mode set to none, a malicious web page can send requests to the local MCP endpoint and receive unrestricted vault access through the http-local caller. Version 1.3.1 fixes the vulnerability by enabling host, origin, and DNS-rebinding validation. | HIGH8.8 | 0.16%p5 | 2026-10-23 | |
| CVE-2026-104380 | Punk versions from 0.48 before 0.55 for Perl route Extended CONNECT requests to any GET route without an Origin check in ps_serve_one. On HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 a WebSocket handshake arrives as an Extended CONNECT, which is matched as a GET and so reaches every GET route, API operation and mount. The Origin check runs only when a websocket route matches. On this transport the handler's status is the handshake response, and a 2xx accepts it. A cross-origin page can open a WebSocket to any path and learn from its open or error event whether that path returns 2xx. | MEDIUM5.3 | 0.16%p5 | 2026-10-06 | |
| CVE-2026-13272 | IBM Verify Identity Access is missing origin validation which could allow a remote attacker to perform operations as the victim and potentially launch further attacks against the systems. | MEDIUM5.4 | 0.16%p5 | 2026-09-20 | |
| CVE-2026-35589 | nanobot is a personal AI assistant. Versions prior to 0.1.5 contain a Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH) vulnerability exists in the bridge's WebSocket server in bridge/src/server.ts, resulting from an incomplete remediation of CVE-2026-2577. The original fix changed the binding from 0.0.0.0 to 127.0.0.1 and added an optional BRIDGE_TOKEN parameter, but token authentication is disabled by default and the server does not validate the Origin header during the WebSocket handshake. Because browsers do not enforce the Same-Origin Policy on WebSockets unless the server explicitly denies cross-origin connections, any website visited by a user running the bridge can establish a WebSocket connection to ws://127.0.0.1:3001/ and gain full access to the bridge API. This allows an attacker to hijack the WhatsApp session, read incoming messages, steal authentication QR codes, and send messages on behalf of the user. This issue has bee fixed in version 0.1.5. | CRITICAL9.3 | 0.16%p5 | 2026-07-24 | |
| CVE-2026-112085 | webpack-dev-server is a development server that provides live reloading for webpack projects. In versions before 5.2.7 and in version 6.0.0, when a proxy entry is configured to forward WebSockets, the server forwards non-HMR WebSocket upgrade requests to the proxy target without validating the Host or Origin headers, so the allowedHosts protection does not apply to those proxied upgrades. A malicious web page visited by a developer can open a cross-origin WebSocket through the dev server and read from and write to the proxied backend, even when the server is bound to loopback. The issue is fixed in webpack-dev-server 5.2.7 and 6.1.0, where proxied WebSocket upgrades pass the same Host and Origin validation as the HMR WebSocket, and users should upgrade to one of those versions or later. As a workaround, omit WebSocket forwarding from proxy entries that do not need it and scope the proxy to specific paths. | HIGH8.2 | 0.15%p4 | 2026-10-29 | |
| CVE-2025-61987 | GroupSession Free edition prior to ver5.3.0, GroupSession byCloud prior to ver5.3.3, and GroupSession ZION prior to ver5.3.2. do not validate origins in WebSockets. If a user accesses a crafted page, Chat information sent to the user may be exposed. | NONE | 0.15%p4 | 2026-10-07 | |
| CVE-2026-55463 | The Goobi viewer is a web application that allows digitised material to be displayed in a web browser. From version 4.11.0 to before version 26.05, several Jakarta WebSocket endpoints in goobi-viewer-core (DownloadTaskEndpoint, CampaignEndpoint, AutocompleteEndpoint, UserEndpoint) accept connections without verifying that the associated HttpSession belongs to a logged-in user, and none validate the Origin header against an allowlist. An unauthenticated attacker can therefore connect to these endpoints; through CampaignEndpoint this allows polluting the in-process crowdsourcing page-lock map and broadcasting forged lock messages, disrupting reviewers' work. This issue has been patched in version 26.05. | MEDIUM6.5 | 0.14%p3 | 2026-10-29 | |
| CVE-2024-8201 | Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking vulnerability in Hitachi Ops Center Analyzer (RAID Agent component).This issue affects Hitachi Ops Center Analyzer: from 10.8.0-00 before 11.0.4-00; Hitachi Ops Center Analyzer: from 10.9.0-00 before 11.0.4-00. | MEDIUM5.4 | 0.14%p3 | 2026-06-17 | |
| CVE-2026-1692 | A missing origin validation in WebSockets vulnerability affects the GraphicalData web services used by the WebVue, WebScheduler, TouchVue and SnapVue features of PcVue in version 12.0.0 through 16.3.3 included. It might allow a remote attacker to lure a successfully authenticated user to a malicious website. This vulnerability only affects the following two endpoints: GraphicalData/js/signalR/connect and GraphicalData/js/signalR/reconnect. | MEDIUM6.1 | 0.13%p3 | 2026-07-09 | |
| CVE-2026-67405 | RabbitMQ is a messaging and streaming broker. Prior to versions 3.13.15, 4.0.20, 4.1.11, 4.2.6, and 4.3.0, Neither the Web-MQTT handler (deps/rabbitmq_web_mqtt/src/rabbit_web_mqtt_handler.erl:104) nor the Web-STOMP handler (deps/rabbitmq_web_stomp/src/rabbit_web_stomp_handler.erl:102) validates the Origin header on the WebSocket upgrade. Under ssl_cert_login=true, the browser presents the client certificate automatically, so an attacker's JavaScript running in the victim's browser can authenticate as the victim. Preconditions include The non-default configuration use_http_auth=true (Web-STOMP) or ssl_cert_login=true (both plugins) must be enabled. The issue is harmless under the default in-band CONNECT credential configuration.. This issue is fixed in versions 3.13.15, 4.0.20, 4.1.11, 4.2.6, and 4.3.0. | HIGH8.1 | 0.11%p1 | 2026-10-19 |