CVE-2026-44214

eventsource-encoder encodes events as well-formed EventSource/Server Sent Event (SSE) messages. Prior to 1.0.2, eventsource-encoder does not sanitize the event or id fields of an EventSourceMessage before serializing them. An attacker who controls either field can inject arbitrary Server-Sent Events line terminators (\n, \r, or \r\n) and thereby forge additional SSE fields or entire messages on the stream. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.0.2.

eventsource-encoder encodes events as well-formed EventSource/Server Sent Event (SSE) messages. Prior to 1.0.2, eventsource-encoder does not sanitize the event or id fields of an EventSourceMessage before serializing them. An attacker who controls either field can inject arbitrary Server-Sent Events line terminators (\n, \r, or \r\n) and thereby forge additional SSE fields or entire messages on the stream. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.0.2.

### Summary `eventsource-encoder` does not sanitize the `event` or `id` fields of an `EventSourceMessage` before serializing them. An attacker who controls either field can inject arbitrary Server-Sent Events line terminators (`\n`, `\r`, or `\r\n`) and thereby forge additional SSE fields or entire messages on the stream. This is similar in spirit to [GHSA-4hxc-9384-m385](https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-4hxc-9384-m385) (h3), but the vulnerable fields are `event`/`id` rather than `data`/`comment`. These are less likely to be user-controllable, but should still be sanitized. ### Details In `src/encode.ts`, `encodeMessage` interpolates `event` and `id` into the output without inspecting them for line terminators: ```ts if (message.event) { output += `event: ${message.event}\n` } // ... if (typeof message.id === 'string' || typeof message.id === 'number') { output += `id: ${message.id}\n` } ``` The SSE specification treats `\r`, `\n`, and `\r\n` as line terminators. A `\n` (or `\r`) embedded in either field is rendered as the end of that field, allowing the rest of the input to be interpreted by the client as new SSE fields. By contrast, `data` and `comment` already normalize all three line-terminator forms via `NEWLINES_RE = /(\r\n|\r|\n)/g`, so they are not affected. ### Proof of concept ```js import {encode} from 'eventsource-encoder' // Attacker-controlled value flows into `event` const userSuppliedTopic = 'message\nevent: admin\ndata: {"role":"admin"}' console.log(encode({event: userSuppliedTopic, data: 'hello'})) ``` Output: ``` event: message event: admin data: {"role":"admin"} data: hello ``` The browser sees two events: a forged `admin` event with attacker-chosen payload, followed by the legitimate `message` event. The same primitive works through `id` for any string id value. ### Impact If untrusted input is passed into the `event` or `id` field of a message, an attacker can: - Spoof events of arbitrary type (rerouting payloads to handlers the attacker chooses) - Inject additional SSE fields (`data:`, `id:`, `retry:`) into the stream - Split a single `encode()` call into multiple distinct browser events - Override the client's `Last-Event-ID` via injected `id:` lines The vulnerability requires that an application places attacker-controlled data into `event` or `id`. Applications that only put trusted, statically-defined values into these fields are not affected. ### Patches Fixed in `eventsource-encoder@1.0.2`. The `event` and string `id` fields are now validated; any value containing `\r` or `\n` causes the encoder to throw a `TypeError` rather than emit a malformed stream. ### Workarounds If users cannot upgrade, validate or strip line terminators from any untrusted value before passing it to `encode` / `encodeMessage`: ```js function safeSingleLine(value) { if (/[\r\n]/.test(value)) throw new Error('SSE field must be single-line') return value } encode({event: safeSingleLine(topic), id: safeSingleLine(id), data}) ``` ### Resources - Related advisory (different package, same class): https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-4hxc-9384-m385 - SSE spec, line terminators: https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/server-sent-events.html#parsing-an-event-stream ### Credit Discovered while reviewing in light of GHSA-4hxc-9384-m385.

### Summary `eventsource-encoder` does not sanitize the `event` or `id` fields of an `EventSourceMessage` before serializing them. An attacker who controls either field can inject arbitrary Server-Sent Events line terminators (`\n`, `\r`, or `\r\n`) and thereby forge additional SSE fields or entire messages on the stream. This is similar in spirit to [GHSA-4hxc-9384-m385](https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-4hxc-9384-m385) (h3), but the vulnerable fields are `event`/`id` rather than `data`/`comment`. These are less likely to be user-controllable, but should still be sanitized. ### Details In `src/encode.ts`, `encodeMessage` interpolates `event` and `id` into the output without inspecting them for line terminators: ```ts if (message.event) { output += `event: ${message.event}\n` } // ... if (typeof message.id === 'string' || typeof message.id === 'number') { output += `id: ${message.id}\n` } ``` The SSE specification treats `\r`, `\n`, and `\r\n` as line terminators. A `\n` (or `\r`) embedded in either field is rendered as the end of that field, allowing the rest of the input to be interpreted by the client as new SSE fields. By contrast, `data` and `comment` already normalize all three line-terminator forms via `NEWLINES_RE = /(\r\n|\r|\n)/g`, so they are not affected. ### Proof of concept ```js import {encode} from 'eventsource-encoder' // Attacker-controlled value flows into `event` const userSuppliedTopic = 'message\nevent: admin\ndata: {"role":"admin"}' console.log(encode({event: userSuppliedTopic, data: 'hello'})) ``` Output: ``` event: message event: admin data: {"role":"admin"} data: hello ``` The browser sees two events: a forged `admin` event with attacker-chosen payload, followed by the legitimate `message` event. The same primitive works through `id` for any string id value. ### Impact If untrusted input is passed into the `event` or `id` field of a message, an attacker can: - Spoof events of arbitrary type (rerouting payloads to handlers the attacker chooses) - Inject additional SSE fields (`data:`, `id:`, `retry:`) into the stream - Split a single `encode()` call into multiple distinct browser events - Override the client's `Last-Event-ID` via injected `id:` lines The vulnerability requires that an application places attacker-controlled data into `event` or `id`. Applications that only put trusted, statically-defined values into these fields are not affected. ### Patches Fixed in `eventsource-encoder@1.0.2`. The `event` and string `id` fields are now validated; any value containing `\r` or `\n` causes the encoder to throw a `TypeError` rather than emit a malformed stream. ### Workarounds If users cannot upgrade, validate or strip line terminators from any untrusted value before passing it to `encode` / `encodeMessage`: ```js function safeSingleLine(value) { if (/[\r\n]/.test(value)) throw new Error('SSE field must be single-line') return value } encode({event: safeSingleLine(topic), id: safeSingleLine(id), data}) ``` ### Resources - Related advisory (different package, same class): https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-4hxc-9384-m385 - SSE spec, line terminators: https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/server-sent-events.html#parsing-an-event-stream ### Credit Discovered while reviewing in light of GHSA-4hxc-9384-m385.