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ATT&CK matrix

T1132

Data Encoding

7 CVEs mapped
TA0011Command and Control
Adversaries may encode data to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system. Use of data encoding may adhere to existing protocol specifications and includes use of ASCII, Unicode, Base64, MIME, or other binary-to-text and character encoding systems.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding) (Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding) Some data encoding systems may also result in data compression, such as gzip.

Platforms4

ESXiLinuxmacOSWindows

CVEs mapped to this technique7

CVEDescriptionSeverityEPSSFlagsModified
CVE-2025-3248

Langflow versions prior to 1.3.0 are susceptible to code injection in the /api/v1/validate/code endpoint. A remote and unauthenticated attacker can send crafted HTTP requests to execute arbitrary code.

CRITICAL9.8
100%p100
KEV+RWeaponized
2026-07-14
CVE-2026-33017

Langflow is a tool for building and deploying AI-powered agents and workflows. In versions prior to 1.9.0, the POST /api/v1/build_public_tmp/{flow_id}/flow endpoint allows building public flows without requiring authentication. When the optional data parameter is supplied, the endpoint uses attacker-controlled flow data (containing arbitrary Python code in node definitions) instead of the stored flow data from the database. This code is passed to exec() with zero sandboxing, resulting in unauthenticated remote code execution. This is distinct from CVE-2025-3248, which fixed /api/v1/validate/code by adding authentication. The build_public_tmp endpoint is designed to be unauthenticated (for public flows) but incorrectly accepts attacker-supplied flow data containing arbitrary executable code. This issue has been fixed in version 1.9.0.

CRITICAL9.8
96%p100
KEVWeaponized
2026-06-17
CVE-2024-1708

ConnectWise ScreenConnect 23.9.7 and prior are affected by path-traversal vulnerability, which may allow an attacker the ability to execute remote code or directly impact confidential data or critical systems.

HIGH8.4
95%p100
KEV+RWeaponized
2026-08-04
CVE-2026-12569

A critical remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability has been reported in PTC Windchill PDMlink and PTC FlexPLM. The vulnerability may be exploited through the deserialization of untrusted data.  * This advisory also applies to all CPS versions * The identified vulnerability also impacts Windchill and FlexPLM releases prior to 11.0 M030

CRITICAL9.8
41%p99
KEV+R
2026-08-01
CVE-2022-0995

An out-of-bounds (OOB) memory write flaw was found in the Linux kernel’s watch_queue event notification subsystem. This flaw can overwrite parts of the kernel state, potentially allowing a local user to gain privileged access or cause a denial of service on the system.

HIGH7.8
9.52%p95
KEVWeaponized
2026-08-27
CVE-2015-3246

libuser before 0.56.13-8 and 0.60 before 0.60-7, as used in the userhelper program in the usermode package, directly modifies /etc/passwd, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (inconsistent file state) by causing an error during the modification. NOTE: this issue can be combined with CVE-2015-3245 to gain privileges.

MEDIUM5.1
8.80%p95
KEVWeaponized
2026-08-27
CVE-2015-5287

The abrt-hook-ccpp help program in Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (ABRT) before 2.7.1 allows local users with certain permissions to gain privileges via a symlink attack on a file with a predictable name, as demonstrated by /var/tmp/abrt/abrt-hax-coredump or /var/spool/abrt/abrt-hax-coredump.

HIGH7.8
4.96%p92
KEVWeaponized
2026-08-27